Format policies

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Format Policy Registry (FPR)

Archivematica manages format policies locally and externally via a FPR server. To learn about the FPR, please see Format Policy Registry

Migration and emulation

Archivematica maintains the original format of all ingested files to support migration and emulation preservation strategies.

Normalization

Archivematica's primary preservation strategy is to normalize files to preservation and access formats upon ingest. Archivematica's preservation formats are all open standards. Additionally, the choice of preservation format is based on community best practices, availability of open-source normalization tools, and an analysis of the significant characteristics for each media type. The choice of access formats is based on the ubiquity of viewers for the file format.

Follow the link for each file format for further information about the open-source normalization tools and settings that have been tested and integrated into Archivematica to make the format conversions.

Format policies

• Format Policies indicate what tool to run when normalizing for a given purpose (access, preservation) when a specific File Identification Tool identifies a specific File Format. They can be thought of as analogous to Virus Definitions, which need to be updated periodically in an Archivematica installation in order to ensure the efficacy of the virus scanning micro-service. Similarly, software security updates are downloaded at the operating system level, to keep the host machine secure.

Media type	File formats	Preservation format(s)	Access format(s)	Normalization tool
Audio	AC3, AIFF, MP3, WAV, WMA	WAVE (LPCM)	MP3	FFmpeg
Email	PST	MBOX	MBOX	readpst
Email	Maildir**	Original format	MBOX	md2mb.py
Office Open XML	DOCX, PPTX, XLSX	Original format	PDF for PPTX	Tool search in progress
Plain text	TXT	Original format	Original format	None
Portable Document Format	PDF	PDF/A	Original format	Ghostscript
Presentation files	PPT	Original format	PDF	Tool search in progress
Raster images	BMP, GIF, JPG, JP2*, PCT, PNG*, PSD, TIFF, TGA	Uncompressed TIFF	JPEG	ImageMagick
Raw camera files/Digital Negative format**	3FR, ARW, CR2, CRW, DCR, DNG, ERF, KDC, MRW, NEF, ORF, PEF, RAF, RAW, X3F	Original format	JPEG	ImageMagick/UFRaw
Spreadsheets	XLS	Original format	Original format	None
Vector images	AI, EPS, SVG	SVG	PDF	Inkscape
Video	AVI, FLV, MOV, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, SWF, WMV	FFV1/LPCM in MKV	MP4	FFmpeg
Word processing files	DOC, WPD, RTF	ODF (WPD and RTF) Original format (DOC)	PDF	Tool search in progress

• (*) PNG and JPEG2000 are not normalized to a preservation format
• (**) in development

While there is not currently a default format policy for Websites, we have done some research and assessment work with our clients that may be of interest towards developing one.